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Danbury is a city in northern Fairfield County, Connecticut, United States, approximately 70 miles from New York City. Danbury's population at the 2010 census was 80,893.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=Race, Hispanic or Latino, Age, and Housing Occupancy: 2010 Census Redistricting Data (Public Law 94-171) Summary File (QT-PL), Danbury city, Connecticut )〕 Danbury is the fourth most-populous city in Fairfield County, and seventh among Connecticut cities. The city is located within the New York metropolitan area. The city was named for the place of origin of many of the early settlers, Danbury, Essex, England, and has been nicknamed ''Hat City'', because of its history in the hat industry, at one point producing almost 25% of America's hats.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Timeline )〕 The hat industry polluted the Still River with mercury. There is also a mineral named for Danbury, danburite. Danbury is home to a regional hospital as well as Western Connecticut State University. ==History== Danbury was settled by colonists in 1685, when eight families moved from what are now Norwalk and Stamford, Connecticut. The Danbury area was then called ''Pahquioque'' by its namesake, the Pahquioque Native Americans. One of the original settlers was Samuel Benedict, who bought land from the Paquioques in 1685, along with his brother James Benedict; James Beebe, and Judah Gregory. Also called Paquiack ("open plain" or "cleared land") by local Native Americans,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= A Student's Guide to Danbury, Connecticut )〕 the settlers chose the name Swampfield for their town, but in October 1687, the general court decreed the name Danbury. The general court appointed a committee to lay out the boundaries of the new town. A survey was made in 1693, and a formal town patent was granted in 1702. During the American Revolution, Danbury was an important military supply depot for the Continental Army. On April 26–27, 1777, the British, under Major General William Tryon, burned and looted the city. The central motto on the seal of the City of Danbury is ''Restituimus'' (Latin for "We have restored"), a reference to the destruction caused by the Loyalist army troops. The American General David Wooster was mortally wounded at the Battle of Ridgefield by the same British forces which had attacked Danbury. He is buried in Danbury's Wooster Cemetery; the private Wooster School in Danbury also was named in his honor. In 1780, the first hat factory in Danbury was established by Zadoc or Zoe Benedict; it had 3 employees, and made 18 hats weekly. Danbury was known as "The Hat City" or the "Hatting Capital of the World" during the early 20th century, as it produced 24% of America's hats in 1904.〔 Later, fur removal was sometimes separated from the hat making, as the P. Robinson Fur Cutting Company on Oil Mill Road on the Still River performed this business.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=NRHP nomination for P. Robinson Fur Cutting Company )〕 In 1802, Thomas Jefferson wrote a letter to the Danbury Baptist Association, a group expressing fear of persecution by the Congregationalists of that town, in which he used the expression "Separation of Church and State". It is the first known instance of the expression, which contrary to popular belief does not appear in the U.S. Constitution in those words, but is often believed to be present by the combined effect of the establishment and free exercise clauses of the First Amendment. James Madison, considered the founder of the Constitution, used similar language regarding such separation.〔(James Madison quotes )〕 The letter is on display at the Unitarian-Universalist Congregation of Danbury. The first Danbury Fair was held in 1821. In 1869, it became a yearly event; the last edition was in 1981. The fairgrounds were cleared to make room for the Danbury Fair Mall, which opened in autumn 1986.〔Ravo, Nick, "(Country Fair Becomes Land of the Lava Lamp )", ''New York Times'', September 4, 1987〕 In 1835, the Connecticut Legislature granted a rail charter to the Fairfield County Railroad, which saw no construction as investment was slow. In 1850, the organization's plans were scaled back, and renamed the Danbury and Norwalk Railroad. Work moved quickly on the railroad line. In 1852, it, the first railroad line in Danbury, opened,〔 with two trains making the 75-minute trip to Norwalk. The central part of Danbury was incorporated as a borough in 1822. The borough was reincorporated as the city of Danbury on April 19, 1889. The city and town were consolidated on January 1, 1965. The Kohanza Reservoir, one of many reservoirs built to provide water to the hat factories, broke on January 31, 1869. The ensuing flood of icy water killed 11 people within 30 minutes, and caused major damage to homes and farms.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Kohanza Disaster )〕 Oglala Sioux tribesman Albert Afraid of Hawk died on June 29, 1900, in Danbury during a tour with Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show at age 21. His interment was at Wooster Cemetery. Afraid of Hawk's remains were discovered by Robert Young, an employee of Wooster one hundred and twelve years later. The corpse covered in a bison robe was relocated to Saint Mark's Episcopal Cemetery in Rockyford for reburial by tribal descendants. In 1902, the American Federation of Labor union called for a nationwide boycott of a Danbury non-union hat manufacturer, Dietrich Loewe. The manufacturer sued the union under the Sherman Antitrust Act for unlawfully restraining trade. The U.S. Supreme Court, in 1908, held that the union was liable for damages. This also is known as the Danbury Hatters' case. A tract near the Fairgrounds, known as Tucker's Field, was purchased by local pilots in 1928 and leased to the town. This became an airport, which is now Danbury Municipal Airport . Connecticut's largest lake, Candlewood Lake, was artificially created in 1929 where Wood Creek and the Rocky River meet near the Housatonic River. The land that is now the lake was owned and operated by Connecticut Light and Power Company as a hydroelectric power facility until sold for $9 million in June 2006. In the August 1988 issue of ''Money'' magazine, Danbury topped the magazine's list of the best U.S. cities to live in, mostly due to low crime, good schools, and location. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Danbury, Connecticut」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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